Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Interferes with Swine Influenza A Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells

Georges Saade (1) , Déborah Ménard (1) , Caroline Hervet (1) , Patricia Renson (2) , Erika Hue (3, 4) , Jianzhong Zhu (5) , Laurence Dubreil (6) , Romain Paillot (3, 4) , Stéphane Pronost (3, 4) , Olivier Bourry (2) , Gaelle Simon (2) , Joëlle Dupont (7) , Nicolas Bertho (1) , Francois Meurens (1)

1 BIOEPAR - Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale
2 Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES]
3 LABÉO - LABÉO, Pôle d’analyses et de recherche de Normandie
4 ImpedanCELL
5 College of Veterinary Medicine
6 PAnTher - Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux
7 PRC - Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly]

Respiratory infections are still a major concern in pigs. Amongst the involved viruses, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the swine influenza type A virus (swIAV) have a major impact. These viruses frequently encounter and dual infections are reported. We analyzed here the molecular interactions between viruses and porcine tracheal epithelial cells as well as lung tissue. PRRSV-1 species do not infect porcine respiratory epithelial cells. However, PRRSV-1, when inoculated simultaneously or shortly before swIAV, was able to inhibit swIAV H1N2 infection, modulate the interferon response and alter signaling protein phosphorylations (ERK, AKT, AMPK, and JAK2), in our conditions. SwIAV inhibition was also observed, although at a lower level, by inactivated PRRSV-1, whereas acid wash treatment inactivating non-penetrated viruses suppressed the interference effect. PRRSV-1 and swIAV may interact at several stages, before their attachment to the cells, when they attach to their receptors, and later on. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that PRRSV can alter the relation between swIAV and its main target cells, opening the doors to further studies on the interplay between viruses. Consequences of these peculiar interactions on viral infections and vaccinations using modified live vaccines require further investigations.

Mots clés: pig; PRRSV; swIAV; coinfection; epithelial cell; interference; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome; Swine Influenza A viruses

Domaines: Médecine vétérinaire et santé animale

Georges Saade, Déborah Ménard, Caroline Hervet, Patricia Renson, Erika Hue, et al.. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Interferes with Swine Influenza A Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells. Vaccines, 2020, 8 (3), pp.508. ⟨10.3390/vaccines8030508⟩. ⟨hal-02931677⟩