Indirect Calorimetry in Clinical Practice
Abstract
Indirect calorimetry (IC) is considered as the gold standard to determine energy expenditure,
by measuring pulmonary gas exchanges. It is a non-invasive technique that allows clinicians to
personalize the prescription of nutrition support to the metabolic needs and promote a better clinical
outcome. Recent technical developments allow accurate and easy IC measurements in spontaneously
breathing patients as well as in those on mechanical ventilation. The implementation of IC in
clinical routine should be promoted in order to optimize the cost–benefit balance of nutrition therapy.
This review aims at summarizing the latest innovations of IC as well as the clinical indications,
benefits, and limitations.
