New Insights in Anorexia Nervosa

Philip Gorwood (1, 2, 3) , Corinne Blanchet-Collet (4) , Nicolas Chartrel (5, 6) , Jeanne Duclos (2, 7, 8) , Pierre Dechelotte (9, 6) , Mouna Hanachi (10, 11) , Sergueï O. Fetissov (6, 9) , Nathalie Godart (2, 7) , Jean-Claude Melchior (10, 11) , Nicolas Ramoz (3, 2) , Carole Rovere-Jovene (12) , Virginie Tolle (3, 2) , Odile Viltart (13) , Jacques Epelbaum (14, 2)

1 CMME - Service de psychiatrie - Clinique des maladies mentales et de l'encéphale
2 USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité
3 Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition
4 Maison de Solenn [CHU Cochin]
5 DC2N - Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine
6 IRIB - Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine
7 IMM - Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris
8 C2S - Cognition, Santé, Société
9 ADEN - Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau
10 END-ICAP - Handicap neuromusculaire : Physiopathologie, Biothérapie et Pharmacologies appliquées
11 Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP]
12 IPMC - Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire
13 JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837
14 U894 / UMS 1266 - Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is classically defined as a condition in which an abnormally low body weight is associated with an intense fear of gaining weight and distorted cognitions regarding weight, shape, and drive for thinness. This article reviews recent evidences from physiology, genetics, epigenetics, and brain imaging which allow to consider AN as an abnormality of reward pathways or an attempt to preserve mental homeostasis. Special emphasis is put on ghrelino-resistance and the importance of orexigenic peptides of the lateral hypothalamus, the gut microbiota and a dysimmune disorder of neuropeptide signaling. Physiological processes, secondary to underlying, and premorbid vulnerability factors—the “pondero-nutritional-feeding basements”- are also discussed.

Keywords: eating disorders; reward system adaptations; microbiota; autoantibodies; susceptibility factors; mental homeostasis

Domains: Life Sciences [q-bio]; Food and Nutrition

Philip Gorwood, Corinne Blanchet-Collet, Nicolas Chartrel, Jeanne Duclos, Pierre Dechelotte, et al.. New Insights in Anorexia Nervosa. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2016, 10, ⟨10.3389/fnins.2016.00256⟩. ⟨hal-02295593⟩