E. Agrikoliansky, Carrières militantes et vocation à la morale: les militants de la Ligue des droits de l'homme dans les années 1980. Revue française de science politique, vol.51, pp.27-46, 2001.

E. Agrikoliansky, La Ligue française des droits de l'homme et du citoyen depuis 1945. Sociologie d'un engagement civique, L'Harmattan, 2002.

H. S. Becker, Notes on the concept of commitment, American Journal of Sociology, vol.66, issue.1, pp.32-40, 1960.

H. S. Becker, Outsiders. Studies in the Sociology of deviance, 1963.

A. Ben-porat, Israelis Fans of English Football, Journal of Sport & Social Issues, vol.24, issue.4, pp.344-350, 2000.

S. Bromberger, , 1995.

P. Bourdieu, Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action, 1998.

C. Bromberger, Le match de football. Ethnologie d'une passion partisane à Marseille, Naples et Turin. Paris: éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 1995.

R. Cobb, , 2001.

N. Courakis, Football violence: not only a British problem, European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, vol.6, pp.293-302, 1998.

G. Crawford, The Career of the Sport Supporter: the case of the Manchester Storm, Sociology, vol.37, issue.2, pp.219-238, 2003.

A. Degenne and M. Forsé, Les réseaux sociaux, 2004.

E. Dunning, Towards a sociological understanding of Football Hooliganism as a world phenomenon, European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, vol.8, pp.141-162, 2000.

E. Dunning, P. Murphy, and I. Waddington, Fighting Fans: football hooliganism as a world phenomenon, 2002.

B. Duriez and F. Sawicki, Réseaux de sociabilité et adhésion syndicale. Le cas de la CFDT, Politix, vol.16, issue.63, pp.17-51, 2003.

J. Elster, Rational Choice, 1986.

J. Elster, Le laboureur et ses enfants. Deux essais sur les limites de la rationalité (The ploughman and his children), 1986.

O. Fillieule, Propositions pour une analyse processuelle de l'engagement individuel. Post scriptum. Revue française de science politique, vol.51, pp.199-215, 2001.

R. Giulianotti, Football and Politics of Carnival: an ethnographic study of Scottish fans in Sweden, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, vol.30, issue.2, pp.191-224, 1995.

R. Giulianotti, Football: A Sociology of the Global Game, 1999.

R. Giulianotti, Supporters, followers, fans and flaneurs. A taxonomy of spectator identities in football, Journal of Sport & Social Issues, vol.26, issue.1, pp.25-46, 2002.
DOI : 10.1177/0193723502261003
URL : https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/15506/3/Supporters%2c%20followers%2c%20fans%2c%20and%20flaneurs%20A%20taxonomy%20of%20spectator%20identities%20in%20football.pdf

R. Giulianotti and R. Robertson, Forms of Glocalization: Globalization and the Migration Strategies of Scottish Football Fans in North America, Sociology, vol.41, issue.1, pp.133-152, 2007.

E. Goffman, Stigma. Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, 1963.

E. Goffman, Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order, 1971.

M. Goksoyr and H. Hognestad, No longer worlds apart? British influences in Norwegian football, Football Cultures and Identities, pp.201-210, 1999.

R. Haynes, The football imagination. The rise of football fanzine culture, 1995.

A. Hirschman, Shifting involvements: private interest and public action, 1982.

H. Hognestad, Long-Distance Football Support and Liminal Identities among Norwegian Fans, Sport, Dance and Embodied Identities, pp.97-114, 2003.

H. Hognestad, Transnational Passions: A Statistical Study of Norwegian Football Supporters, vol.7, pp.439-462, 2006.

E. C. Hughes, Institutional Office and the Person, American Journal of Sociology, vol.43, issue.3, pp.404-413, 1937.

I. Jones, A Mode of Serious Leisure Identification: The Case of Football Fandom, Leisure Studies, vol.19, issue.4, pp.283-293, 2000.

P. Juhem, Entreprendre en politique. De l'extrême gauche au PS : la professionnalisation politique des fondateurs de SOS-Racisme. Revue française de science politique, vol.51, pp.131-153, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00131784

L. Lestrelin, Sociologie des supporters à distance de l'Olympique de Marseille. Paris: éditions de l'Ecole des, Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02087848

L. Lestrelin, L. Sallé, and J. Basson, The Trajectories Leading to Supporting at a Distance: The Olympique de Marseille case Study, European Journal for Sport and Society, vol.3, issue.2, pp.125-141, 2006.

P. Marsh, Life and Careers on the Football Terraces, Football Hooliganism. London: Inter-Action Trust, pp.61-81, 1978.

D. Mcadam, Freedom Summer, 1988.

R. Nash, Globalised Football Fandom: Scandinavian Liverpool FC Supporters, Football Studies, vol.3, issue.2, pp.5-23, 2000.

M. Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, 1965.

F. Passy, L'action altruiste, 1998.
DOI : 10.3917/droz.passy.1998.01

B. Pudal, Prendre parti. Pour une sociologie historique du PCF. Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1989.

S. Redhead, The Passion and the Fashion: Football Fandom in the New Europe, 1993.

A. Roversi, The birth of the ultras: the rise of football hooliganism in Italy, Game without frontiers: football, identity and modernity. Cambridge: Arena, pp.359-381, 1994.

A. Roversi and C. Balestri, Italian Ultras Today: Change or Decline?, European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, vol.8, pp.183-199, 2000.

J. Siméant, Entrer, rester en humanitaire : des fondateurs de Médecins sans frontières aux membres actuels des organisations non gouvernementales médicales françaises. Revue française de science politique, vol.51, pp.47-72, 2001.

G. Simmel, Sociologie et épistémologie, 1981.

G. Simmel, The Sociology of Sociability, American Journal of Sociology, vol.55, issue.3, pp.254-261, 1949.

D. Snow, L. Zurcher, and S. Ekland-elson, Social Networks and Social Movements: a Microstructural Approach to Differential Recruitment, American Sociological Review, vol.45, issue.5, pp.787-801, 1980.

R. Spaaij, Understanding football hooliganism. A comparison of six western European football clubs, 2006.

R. Stark and W. S. Bainbridge, Networks of Faith: Interpersonal Bonds and Recruitment to Cults and Sects, American Journal of Sociology, vol.85, issue.6, pp.1376-1395, 1980.

V. Taylor, Social Movement Continuity: The Women's Movement in Abeyance, American Sociological Review, vol.54, issue.5, pp.761-775, 1989.

C. Tilly, The Contentious French, 1986.

A. Touraine, M. Wieviorka, and F. Dubet, Le mouvement ouvrier, 1984.

C. Traïni, Les ressorts de la conversion à Chasse Pêche Nature et Traditions, Les Cahiers du CEVIPOF, vol.28, pp.2-90, 2000.

I. Waddington, D. Malcom, and R. Horak, The Social Composition of Football Crowds in Western Europe: A Comparative Study, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, vol.33, issue.2, pp.155-169, 1998.

M. Weber, Economie et société. T.1. Les catégories de la sociologie, Source: group listings) Year Total Members New members, 1995.

. Non-renewals,